Table of Contents
Preface.
1. Research and Teaching.
Defining Good Teaching.
Research in Teaching: An Historical Perspective.
Contemporary Views of Teaching and Learning.
FROM BEHAVIORIST TO COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
Themes.
Learning to Teach.
2. Student Diversity.
Capitalizing on Cultural Diversity.
Language Diversity.
Students Placed at Risk: Teaching the Children of Poverty.
Teaching Students with Different Learning Abilities.
Learning Styles.
Students with Exceptionalities.
3. Teacher Planning: Research and Reality.
Planning: A Functional Analysis.
Variables in Instructional Planning.
THE LINEAR RATIONAL MODEL: A SEQUENTIAL PLANNING MODEL.
Integrating the Curriculum: Interdisciplinary and Thematic Units.
Research on Teacher Planning.
Planning for Diversity: Individualized Instruction.
4. Effective Teaching: The Research Base.
Classroom Climate: A Prerequisite to Learning.
Effective Teaching and the Concept of Time.
A General Instructional Model.
Characteristics of Effective Teachers.
Effective Lesson Beginnings.
Developing the Lesson.
Ending Lessons Effectively.
5. Increasing Learning through Student Involvement.
Student Involvement: A Key to Learning and Motivation.
Student Involvement: The Need for Clear Goals.
Student Involvement: The Role of Content Representations.
Increasing Student Involvement: Teacher Questioning.
Elements of Effective Questioning.
Classroom Questions: Additional Issues.
6. Creating Productive Learning Environments: Classroom Management.
The Importance of Classroom Management.
Classroom Management: A Definition.
Planning for Classroom Management.
Implementing Management Plans.
Management Interventions.
7. Constructivist Approaches to Instruction.
Constructivism: A View of Learning.
Characteristics of Constructivism.
Planning for Constructivist Learning Activities.
Identifying Clear and Precise Goals.
Multiple Representations of Content.
Planning for Social Interaction.
Planning for Productive Learning Environments.
Planning for Assessment.
Conducting Constructivist Learning Activities.
Lesson Focus.
8. Learning and Teaching Concepts.
Understanding Concepts.
Planning for Concept Learning and Teaching.
Teaching Concepts: Involving Students in Learning.
Understanding Relationships among Concepts: Generalizations, Principles, and Academic Rules.
Teaching Generalizations, Principles, and Academic Rules.
Accommodating Diversity in Concept Learning and Teaching.
Utilizing Technology in Concept Learning.
9. Capitalizing on Social Interaction.
Social Interaction: Theoretical Perspectives.
Using Groupwork to Facilitate Learning.
Cooperative Learning.
Discussions.
Peer Tutoring: Students as Resources.
Research on Peer Tutoring.
10. Problem-Based Instruction.
Problem-Based Learning.
Project-Based Learning.
Problem Solving.
Inquiry Strategies.
11. Teacher-Centered Instruction.
Teacher-Centered and Learner-Centered Instruction.
Characteristics of Teacher-Centered Instruction.
Types of Teacher-Centered Instruction.
Direct Instruction.
Lecture Discussions: Teacher-Centered Strategies for Teaching Organized Bodies of Knowledge.
12. Assessing Learner Understanding.
Classroom Assessment.
Using Traditional Assessment Practices to Promote Learning.
Alternative Assessment.
Accommodating Diversity: Reducing Bias in Assessment.
Designing an Assessment System.
Using Technology in Assessment.
References.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
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